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Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace 

DIVISION  OF  INTERNATIONAL  LAW 

Pamphlet  No.  10 


THE  FINAL  ACTS  OF  THE  FIRST  AND  SECOND 
HAGUE  PEACE  CONFERENCES,  TOGETHER 
WITH  THE  DRAFT  CONVENTION  ON 
A JUDICIAL  ARBITRATION  COURT 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  ENDOWMENT 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

1915 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary  Library 


https://archive.org/details/pamphlets10carn 


Preface 


In  view  of  the  very  great  interest  at  the  present  time  in  the  Conven- 
tions and  signed  Declarations  of  the  First  and  Second  Hague  Confer- 
ences, and  particularly  because  of  the  need  of  accurate  information  as 
to  ratifications  of  and  adhesions  to  the  Conventions  and  Declarations 
relating  to  war,  the  Endowment  has  prepared  a series  of  pamphlets 
in  order  that  the  public  may  learn  from  reliable  sources  the  status  of 
these  international  agreements  and  the  extent  to  which  the  Powers 
now  at  war  are  bound  by  their  provisions.  ‘ 

The  first  pamphlet  of  this  series  (No.  3 of  the  pamphlet  series  of  the 
Division  of  International  Law)  contains  the  respective  Tables  of 
Signatures,  Ratifications,  Adhesions  and  Reservations  of  the  Conven- 
tions and  Declarations  of  the  two  Conferences.  The  compilation  has 
been  made  from  official  sources,  and  the  tables  have  been  certified  as 
accurate  by  the  Department  of  State  of  the  United  States.  In  all  cases 
the  reservations  contained  in  the  proces-verbaux,  but  only  referred  to 
in  the  official  tables  issued  by  the  International  Bureau  of  the  Perma- 
nent Court  of  Arbitration,  have  been  translated  and  printed  in  full, 
with  the  references  to  the  official  reports  where  their  texts  appear. 
Without  the  complete  text  of  a reservation  it  is  impossible  to  know  to 
what  extent  a Power  is  bound  by  a Convention  or  Declaration. 

The  Conventions  and  Declarations,  as  the  case  may  be,  of  the  two 
Conferences,  are  printed  separately  in  the  succeeding  numbers  of  the 
pamphlets,  accompanied  by  the  respective  lists  of  countries  which  have 
(a)  ratified,  or  (b)  adhered  to,  or  (c)  signed  hut  not  ratified  them, 
with  the  date  of  the  particular  action  taken.  Each  Convention  or 
Declaration  is  followed  also  by  the  texts  of  reservations,  as  indicated 
above  respecting  the  pamphlet  containing  the  Tables  of  Signatures, 
Ratifications,  etc.  (No.  3).  The  English  translations  of  the  original 
French  texts  of  the  several  Conventions,  Declarations  and  Final  Acts 
of  the  Conferences  reproduce  the  official  translations  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  State,  except  that  a few  obvious  misprints,  and  an  occasional 
mistranslation,  have  been  corrected.  Marginal  notes  have  been  added 
to  facilitate  reference. 


IV 


Inasmuch  as  most  of  the  Conventions  and  Declarations  of  the  Con- 
ferences concerning  war  contain  a clause  to  the  effect  that  they  only 
bind  belligerents  which  have  ratified  them,  and  then  only  if  all  the 
belligerents  are  contracting  Powers,  there  is  appended  a list  of 
the  countries  now  at  war  and  the  dates  of  the  formal  declarations 
or  announcements  of  the  existence  of  a state  of  war. 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  Conventions  and  Declarations  are  not 
binding  prior  to  the  deposit  of  ratifications  at  The  Hague.  The  mere 
signature  of  these  conventional  agreements  may  be  regarded  as  the  indi- 
cation of  an  intention  to  ratify  them,  but  creates  no  legal  obligation. 
Adhesion  has  the  effect  of  ratification.  In  this  relation  it  is  proper  to 
remark  that  only  the  formal  agreements  of  the  Conferences — such  as 
the  Conventions  and  the  signed  Declarations — contemplate  ratification. 
The  informal  agreements — such  as  the  unsigned  Declarations,  Resolu- 
tions, Recommendations,  and  Vccux — are  not  signed  separately.  They 
are  contained  in  the  Final  Act,  which  is  an  official  summary  of  the 
proceedings  of  each  Conference,  and  as  such  is  signed. 

A word  should  be  said  about  the  additional  protocol  to  the  Con- 
vention for  an  International  Prize  Court.  It  was  not  agreed  upon  at 
the  Second  Hague  Conference,  but  was  subsequently  negotiated  in 
order  to  remove  objections  to  the  Prize  Court  Convention.  The  sig- 
natures to  it  are  indicated  in  the  last  column  of  the  table  of  signatures 
of  the  Second  Conference. 

The  Conventions  and  Declarations  are  numbered  as  in  the  Final 
Acts. 

The  official  published  proceedings  of  the  First  Conference  are  re- 
ferred to  in  the  footnotes  as  Proces-verhaux,  those  of  the  Second  as 
Actes  et  documents.  The  full  titles  of  the  publications  are  respect- 
ively: (1)  Conference  internationale  de  la  paix.  La  Haye,  i8  mai~ 
eg  juillet,  i8gg.  Ministere  des  affaires  etrangcres.  Nouvelle  edition. 
La  Haye.  Martinus  Nijhoff,  igoy;  (2)  Deuxieme  conference  Inter- 
nationale de  la  paix.  La  Haye,  15  juin-i8  octobre,  igop.  Actes  et 
documents.  Ministere  des  affaires  etrangcres.  La  Haye,  imprimerie 
nationale,  igoy. 

James  Brown  Scott, 

Director  of  the  Division  of  International  Lazv. 


Washington,  D.  C., 
December  eg,  igi4. 


THE  FINAL  ACTS  OF  THE  FIRST  AND  SECOND  HAGUE  PEACE 
CONFERENCES,  TOGETHER  WITH  THE  DRAFT  CONVENTION 
ON  A JUDICIAL  ARBITRATION  COURT 


1899 

Final  Act  of  the  International 
Peace  Conference. — Signed  at 
The  Hague,  July  29,  1899. 

1 

The  International  Peace  Con- 
ference, convoked  in  the  best  in- 
terests of  humanity  by  His  Majes- 
ty the  Emperor  of  All  the  Russias, 
assembled,  on  the  invitation  of  the 
Government  of  Her  Majesty  the 
Queen  of  the  Netherlands,  in  the 
Royal  House  in  the  Wood  at  The 
Hague  on  the  18th  May,  1899. 


The  Powers  enumerated  in  the 
following  list  took  part  in  the  Con- 
ference, to  which  they  appointed 
the  delegates  named  below  : 

For  Germany : 

His  Excellency  Count  de  Miin- 
ster,  German  Ambassador  at 
Paris,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

The  Baron  de  Stengel,  profes- 
sor at  the  University  of  Mu- 
nich, second  delegate ; 


1907 

Final  Act  of  the  Second  Inter- 
national Peace  Conference. — 
Signed  at  The  Hague,  October 
18,  1907. 

The  Second  International  Peace 
Conference,  proposed  in  the  first 
instance  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  having 
been  convoked,  on  the  invitation 
of  His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of 
All  the  Russias,  by  Her  Majesty 
the  Queen  of  the  Netherlands,  as- 
sembled on  the  15th  June,  1907, 
at  The  Hague,  in  the  Hall  of  the 
Knights,  for  the  purpose  of  giving 
a fresh  development  to  the  hu- 
manitarian principles  which 
served  as  a basis  for  the  work  of 
the  First  Conference  of  1899. 

The  following  Powers  took  part 
in  the  Conference,  and  appointed 
the  delegates  named  below  : 

Germany : 

His  Excellency  Baron  Mar- 
schall  de  Bieberstein,  Minis- 
ter of  State,  Imperial  Ambas- 
.sador  at  Constantinople,  first 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Kriege,  Imperial  Envoy  on 
Extraordinary  Mission  at  the 


Convocation. 


Delegates. 


Germany. 


2 


United  States. 


1899 

Dr.  Zorn,  Judicial  Privy  Coun- 
cilor,- professor  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Konigsberg,  scien- 
tific delegate; 

Colonel  de  Gross  de  Schwarz- 
hoff.  Commandant  of  the  5th 
Regiment  of  Infantry,  No. 
94,  technical  delegate; 

Captain  Siegel,  Naval  Attache 
to  the  Imperial  Embassy  at 
Paris,  technical  delegate. 


1907 

present  Conference,  Privy 
Councilor  of  Legation  and 
Legal  Adviser  to  the  Minis- 
try for  Foreign  Affairs,  mem- 
ber of  the  Permanent  Court 
of  Arbitration,  second  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary; 
Rear-Admiral  Siegel,  Naval  At- 
tache to  the  Imperial  Embas- 
sy at  Paris,  naval  delegate ; 
Major  General  de  Giindell, 
Quartermaster  General  of 
the  General  Staff  of  the 
Royal  Prussian  Army,  mili- 
tary delegate ; 

Mr.  Zorn,  professor  to  the  Fac- 
ulty of  Law  at  the  University 
of  Bonn,  Judicial  Privy 
Councilor,  member  of  the 
Prussian  Upper  Chamber, 
and  Crown  Syndic,  scientific 
delegate ; 

Mr.  Goppert,  Counselor  of  Le- 
gation and  Counselor  attached 
to  the  Department  for  For- 
eign Affairs,  assistant  dele- 
gate; 

Mr.  Retzmann,  Lieutenant 
Commander  on  the  Naval 
General  Staff,  assistant  naval 
delegate. 

The  United  States  of  America : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Joseph  H. 
Choate,  ex-Ambassadqr  at 
London,  Ambassador  Ex- 
traordinary, delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

^The  order  of  the  countries  in  the  original  of  the  1899  Final  Act  has  been 
here  departed  from  in  a few  instances  (United  States,  Mexico  and  Bulgaria) 
for  the  purpose  of  presenting  each  country’s  respective  delegations  to  the  1899 
and  1907  Conferences  in  juxtaposition. 


For  the  United  States  of  America  4 
His  Excellency  Mr.  Andrew  D. 
White,  United  States  Ambas- 
sador at  Berlin,  delegate  plen- 
ipotentiary ; 


3 


1899 

The  Honorable  Seth  Low,  pres- 
ident of  the  Colombia  Uni- 
versity at  New  York,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Stanford  Newel,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The 
Hague,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

Captain  Alfred  T.  Mahan,  Uni- 
ted States  Navy,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

]Mr.  William  Crozier,  Captain 
of  Artillery,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

jMr.  Frederick  W.  Holls,  a*dvo- 
cate  at  New  York,  delegate 
and  secretary  to  the  delega- 
tion. 


1907 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Horace 
Porter,  ex-Ambassador  at 
Paris,  Ambassador  Extraor- 
dinary, delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Uriah  M. 
Rose,  Ambassador  Extraor- 
dinary, delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  David 
Jayne  Hill,  ex- Assistant  Sec- 
retary of  State,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hague, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Rear-Admiral  Charles  S.  Sper- 
ry, ex-president  of  the  Naval 
War  College,  Minister  Pleni- 
potentiary, delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Brigadier  General  George  B. 
Davis,  Judge  Advocate  Gen- 
eral of  the  United  States 
Army,  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary, delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

Mr.  William  I.  Buchanan,  ex- 
Minister  at  Buenos  Aires, 
ex-Minister  at  Panama,  Min- 
ister Plenipotentiary,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  James  Brown  Scott,  Solici- 
tor for  the  Department  of 
State,  technical  delegate; 

Mr.  Charles  Henry  Butler,  Re- 
porter of  the  Supreme  Court, 
technical  delegate. 


1899 


Argentine 

Republic. 


Austria- 

Hungary. 


For  Austria-Hungary : 

His  Excellency  Count  R.  VVel- 
sersheimb,  Ambassador  Ex- 
traordinary and  Plenipoten- 
tiary, first  delegate,  plenipo- 
tiary ; 

Mr.  Alexandre  Okolicsanyi 
d’Okolicsna,  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Tbe  Hague,  sec^ 


1907 

The  Argentine  Republic ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Roque 
Saenz  Pena,  ex-Minister  for 
Eoreign  Affairs,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Rome, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Luis  M. 
Drago,  ex-Minister  for  For- 
eign Affairs,  deputy  member 
of  the  Permanent  Court  of 
Arbitration,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Carlos 
Rodriguez  Larreta,  ex-Minis- 
ter for  Eoreign  Affairs, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

General  Erancisco  Reynolds, 
Military  Attache  at  Berlin, 
technical  delegate ; 

Captain  Juan  A.  Martin,  ex- 
Minister  of  Marine,  Naval 
Attache  at  London,  technical 
delegate. 

Austria-Hungary : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Gaetan 
Merey  de  Kapos-Mere,  Privy 
Councilor  of  His  Imperial 
and  Royal  Apostolic  Majesty, 
Ambassador  Extraordinary 
and  Plenipotentiary,  first  del- 
egate plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Baron  Charles 
de  Macchio,  Envoy  Extraor- 


5 


1899 

ond  delegate,  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Gaetan  Merey  de  Kapos- 
Mere,  Counselor  of  Embassy 
and  Chief  of.  Cabinet  of  the 
Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
assistant  delegate; 

Mr.  Henri  Lammasch,  profes- 
sor at  the  University  of  Vi- 
enna, assistant  delegate; 

Mr.  Victor  de  Khuepach  zu 
Ried,  Zimmerlehen  and  Hasl- 
burg.  Lieutenant  Colonel  on 
the  General  Staff,  assistant 
delegate ; 

Count  Stanislas  Soltyk,  Captain 
of  Con'-ette,  assistant  dele- 
gate. 


For  Belgium: 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Auguste 
Beernaert,  Minister  of  State, 
President  of  the  Chamber  of 
Representatives,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 


1907 

dinary  and  Minister  Pleni- 
potentiary at  Athens,  second 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Henri  Lammasch,  profes- 
sor at  the  University  of  Vi- 
enna, Aulic  Councilor,  mem- 
ber of  the  Austrian  Upper 
Chamber  of  the  Reichsrath, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  scien- 
tific delegate; 

Mr.  Antoine  Haus,  Rear-Ad- 
miral, naval  delegate; 

Baron  Wladimir,  Giesl  de 
Gieslingen,  Major  General, 
Military  Plenipotentiary  at 
the  Imperial  and  Royal  Em- 
bassy at  Constantinople  and 
at  the  Imperial  and  Royal 
Legation  at  Athens,  military 
delegate ; 

The  Chevalier  Othon  de  Weil, 
Aulic  and  Ministerial  Coun- 
cilor at  the  Ministry  of  the 
Imperial  and  Royal  House- 
hold and  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
delegate ; 

Mr.  Jules  Szilassy  de  Szilas  et 
Pilis,  Counselor  of  Legation, 
delegate ; 

Mr.  Emile  Konek  de  Norwall, 
Naval  Lieutenant  of  the  First 
Class,  delegate  attached. 

Belgium : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  A.  Beer- 
naert, Minister  of  State, 
member  of  the  Chamber  of 
Representatives,  member  of 
the  Institute  of  France  and 


Belgium. 


6 


Bolivia 


Brazil 


1899 

The  Count  de  Grelle  Rogier, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
The  Hague,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

The  Chevalier  Descamps,  Sena- 
tor, delegate  plenipotentiary. 


1907 

of  the  Royal  Academies  of 
Belgium  and  Roumania,  hon- 
orary member  of  the  Insti- 
tute of  International  Law, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  J.  van  den 
Heuvel,  Minister  of  State, 
ex-Minister  of  Justice,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Baron  Guil- 
laume, Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  The  Hague,  member  of  the 
'Royal  Academy  of  Rouma- 
nia, delegate  plenipotentiary. 

Bolivia : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Claudio 
Pinilla,  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  member  of  the  Per- 
manent Court  of  Arbitration, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Fernando 
E.  Guachalla,  Minister  Pleni- 
potentiary at  London,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary. 

Brazil : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Ruy  Bar- 
bosa, Arnbassador  Extraor- 
dinary and  Plenipotentiary, 
Vice-President  of  the  Senate, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Eduardo  F. 
S.  dos  Santos  Lisboa.  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 


7 


1899 


For  Bulgaria 

Dr.  Dimitri  1.  Stanciolf,  Diplo- 
matic Agent  at  St.  Peters- 
burg, first  delegate,  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Major  Christo  Hessaptchiefif, 
Military  Attache  at  Belgrade, 
second  delegate,  plenipoten- 
tiary. 


1907 

Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hague, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Colonel  Roberto  Trompowsky 
Leitao  de  Almeida,  Military 
Attache  at  The  Hague,  tech- 
nical delegate; 

Commander  Tancredo  Burla- 
maqui  de  Moura,  technical 
delegate. 

Bulgaria : 

Major  General  on  the  Staff 
Vrban  Vinaroff,  General  d la 
suite,  first  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Mr.  Ivan  Karahdjouloff,  Pro- 
cureur-General  of  the  Court 
of  Cassation,  second  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Commander  S.  Dimitrieff,  Chief 
of  the  Staff  of  the  Bulgarian 
Flotilla,  delegate. 

Chile  : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Domingo 
Gana,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  London,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Augusto 
Matte,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  Berlin,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Carlos 
Concha,  ex-Minister  of  War, 
ex-President  of  the  Chamber 
of  Deputies,  ex-Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Buenos 


Bulgaria. 


Chile. 


'See  footnote  on  p.  2. 


8 


China. 


Colombia. 


1899 

For  China : 

Mr.  Yang  Yii,  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  St.  Petersburg, 
first  delegate,  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Lou-Tseng-Tsiang,  second 
delegate ; 

Mr.  Hoo-Wei-Teh,  second  dele- 
gate ; 

Mr.  Ho-Yen-Cheng,  Counselor 
of  Legation,  assistant  dele- 
gate. 


1907 

Aires,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary. 

China : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Lou-Tseng- 
Tsiang,  Ambassador  Extraor- 
dinary, delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

His  Excellency  the  Honorable 
John  W.  Foster,  ex-Secretary 
of  State  at  the  United  States 
Department  for  Foreign  Af- 
fairs, delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Tsien-Sun, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
The  Hague,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Colonel  W.  S.  Y.  Tinge,  Judge 
Advocate  General  at  the  War 
Office,  military  delegate ; 

Mr.  Chang  Ching  Tong,  Secre- 
tary of  Legation,  assistant 
delegate ; 

Mr.  Chao-Hi-Chiu,  ex-Secre- 
tary of  the  Imperial  Chinese 
Mission  and  Legation  at 
Paris  and  Rome,  assistant 
delegate. 

Colombia : 

General  Jorge  Holguin,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Santiago  Perez  Triana, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  General  M.  Var- 
gas, Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  Paris,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary. 


9 


1899 


For  Denmark: 

Chamberlain  Fr.  E.  de  Bille, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
London,  first  delegate,  pleni- 
potentiary ; 

Mr.  J.  G.  F.  von  Schnack,  Col- 
onel of  Artillery,  ex-Minister 
for  War,  second  delegate, 
plenipotentiary. 


1907 

The  Republic  of  Cuba : 

Mr.  Antonio  Sanchez  de  Busta- 
mante, professor  of  interna- 
tional law  at  the  University 
of  Havana,  Senator  of  the 
Republic,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Gonzalo  de 
Quesada  y Arostegui,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Washing- 
ton, delegate  plenipotentiary; 

Mr.  Manuel  Sanguily,  ex-direc- 
tor of  the  Institute  of  Sec- 
ondary Education  at  Havana, 
Senator  of  the  Republic,  del- 
egate plenipotentiary. 

Denmark : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  C.  Brun, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
Washington,  first  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Rear-Admiral  C.  F.  Scheller, 
second  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary; 

Mr.  A.  Vedel,  Chamberlain, 
Head  of  Department  at  the 
Royal  Ministry  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  third  delegate  pleni- 
potentiary. 

The  Dominican  Republic: 

Mr.  Francisco  Henriquez  i Car- 
vajal,  ex-Minister  for  For- 
eign Affairs,  member  of  the 
Permanent  Court  of  Arbitra- 
tion, delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Apolinar  Tejera,  rector  of 
the  Professional  Institute  of 


Cuba. 


Denmark. 


Dominican 

Republic. 


10 


Ecuador. 


Spain. 


France. 


1899 


For  Spain : 

His  Excellency  Duke  de  Te- 
tuan,  ex-Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  first  delegate,  pleni- 
potentiary ; 

Mr.  W.  Ramirez  de  Villa  Ur- 
rutia.  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  Brussels,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Mr.  Arthur  de  Baguer,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hague, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

The  Count  del  Serrallo,  Colo- 
nel, Military  Attache  to  the 
Spanish  Legation  at  Brus- 
sels, assistant  delegate. 


For  France: 

Mr.  Leon  Bourgeois,  ex-Presi- 
dent  of  Council,  ex-Minister 


1907 

Santo  Domingo,  member  of 
the  Permanent  Court  of  Ar- 
bitration, delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary. 

The  Republic  of  Ecuador ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Victor 
Rendon,  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Paris  and  Madrid, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Enrique  Dom  y de  Alsua, 
Charge  d’Affaires,  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 

Spain : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  W.  R.  de 
Villa-Urrutia,  Senator,  ex- 
Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
Ambassador  Extraordinary 
and  Plenipotentiary  at  Lon- 
don, first  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Jose  de  la 
Rica  y Calvo,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hague, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Gabriel  Maura  y Gamazo, 
Count  de  la  Mortera,  Deputy 
to  the  Cortes,  delegate  pleni- 
potentiary ; 

Mr.  J.  Jofre  Montojo,  Colonel 
on  the  Staff,  Aide-de-camp  to 
the  Minister  of  War,  assist- 
ant military  delegate ; 

Captain  Francisco  Chacon,  as- 
sistant naval  delegate. 

France : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Leon  Bour- 
geois, Ambassador  Extraor- 


11 


1899 

for  Foreign  Affairs,  mem- 
ber of  the  Chamber  of  Depu- 
ties, first  delegate,  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Mr.  Georges  Bihourd,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hague, 
second  delegate,  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

The  Baron  d’Estournelles  de 
Constant,  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary, member  of  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies,  third 
delegate,  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Mounier,  General  of 
Brigade,  technical  delegate. 

Mr.  Pephau,  Rear-Admiral, 
technical  delegate; 

Mr.  Louis  Renault,  professor  at 
the  Faculty  of  Law  at  Paris, 
Legal  Adviser  to  the  Minis- 
try for  Foreign  Affairs,  tech- 
nical delegate. 


1907 

dinary.  Senator,  ex-President 
of  the  Council,  ex-Minister 
for  Foreign  Affairs,  member 
of  the  Permanent  Court  of 
Arbitration,  delegate,  first 
plenipotentiary ; 

Baron  d’Estournelles  de  Con- 
stant, Senator,  Minister  Plen- 
ipotentiary of  the  First  Qass, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  dele- 
gate, second  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Louis  Renault,  professor  at 
the  Faculty  of  Law  at  Paris, 
Honorary  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary, Legal  Adviser  to  the 
Ministry  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
member  of  the  Institute, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  dele- 
gate, third  plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Marcellin 
Pellet,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  The  Hague,  delegate, 
fourth  plenipotentiary ; 

General  of  Division  Amourel, 
military  delegate ; 

Rear-Admiral  Arago,  naval  del- 
egate ; 

Mr.  Fromageot,  advocate  at  the 
Court  of  Appeal  at  Paris, 
technical  delegate; 

Captain  Lacaze,  second  naval- 
delegate  ; 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Siben,  Mili- 
tary Attache  at  Brussels  and 
The  Hague,  second  military 
delegate. 


12 


, Great  Britain. 


1899 

For  Great  Britain  and  Ireland : 

His  Excellency  the  Right  Hon- 
orable Sir  Julian  Pauncefote, 
member  of  Her  Majesty’s 
Privy  Council,  Ambassador 
Extraordinary  and  Plenipo- 
tentiary of  the  United  King- 
dom at  Washington,  first  del- 
egate, plenipotentiary ; 

Sir  Henry  Howard,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The 
Hague,  second  delegate,  plen- 
ipotentiary ; 

Sir  John  A.  Fisher,  Vice-Ad- 
miral, technical  delegate ; 

Sir  J.  C.  Ardagh,  Major  Gen- 
eral, technical  delegate ; 

Lieutenant  Colonel  C.  a Court, 
Military  Attache  at  Brussels 
and  The  Hague,  assistant 
technical  delegate. 


1907 

Great  Britain : 

His  Excellency  the  Right  Hon- 
orable Sir  Edward  Fry, 
G.C.B.,  member  of  the  Privy 
Council,  Ambassador  Ex- 
traordinary, member  of  the 
Permanent  Court  of  Arbitra- 
tion, delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  the  Right  Hon- 
orable Sir  Ernest  Mason  Sa- 
tow,  G.C.M.G.,  member  of 
the  Privy  Council,  member 
of  the  Permanent  Court  of 
Arbitration,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  the  Right  Hon- 
orable Lord  Reay,  G.C.S.I., 
G.C.I.E.,  member  of  the 
Privy  Council,  ex-president 
of  the  Institute  of  Interna- 
tional Law,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Sir  Henry 
Howard,  K.C.M.G.,  C.B., 

Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
The  Hague,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Lieutenant  General  Sir  Ed- 
mond R.  Elies,  G.C.I.E., 
K.C.B.,  military  delegate; 

Captain  C.  L.  Ottley,  M.V.O., 
R.N.,  A.D.C.,  naval  delegate ; 

Mr.  Eyre  Crowe,  Counselor  of 
Embassy,  technical  delegate, 
first  secretary  to  the  delega- 
tion ; 

Mr.  Cecil  Hurst,  Counselor  of 
Embassy,  technical  delegate. 


13 


1899 


For  Greece: 

Mr.  N.  Delyannis,  ex-President 
of  the  Council,  ex-Minister 
for  Foreign  Affairs,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Paris,  del- 
egate plenipotentiary. 


1907 

legal  adviser  to  the  delega- 
tion ; 

Lieutenant  Colonel  the  Honor- 
able Henry  Yarde-Buller, 
D.S.O.,  Military  Attache  at 
The  Hague,  technical  dele- 
gate; 

Commander  J.  R.  Segrave, 
R.  N.,  technical  delegate; 

Major  George  K.  Cockerill, 
General  Staff,  technical  dele- 
gate. 

Greece : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Cleon  Rizo 
Rangabe,  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Berlin,  first  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Georges  Streit,  professor 
of  international  law  at  the 
University  of  Athens,  mem- 
ber of  the  Permanent  Court 
of  Arbitration,  second  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

Colonel  of  Artillery  C.  Sa- 
pountzakis.  Chief  of  the  Gen- 
eral Staff,  technical  delegate. 

Guatemala : 

Mr.  Jose  Tible  Machado, 
Charge  d’Affaires  at  The 
Hague  and  London,  member 
of  the  Permanent  Court  of 
Arbitration,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Mr.  Enrique  Gomez  Carrillo, 
Charge  d’Affaires  at  Berlin, 
delegate  plenipotentiary. 

The  Republic  of  Haiti ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Jean  Joseph 


Greece. 


Guatemala. 


Haiti. 


1899 


For  Italy : 

His  Excellency  Count  Nigra, 
Italian  Ambassador  at  Vi- 
enna, Senator  of  the  King- 
dom, first  delegate,  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Count  A.  Zannini,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The 
Hague,  second  delegate,  plen- 
ipotentiary ; 

The  Chevalier  Guido  Pompilj, 
Deputy  in  the  Italian  Parlia- 
ment, third  delegate,  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

The  Chevalier  Louis  Zuccari, 
Major  General,  technical  del- 
egate ; 

The  Chevalier  Auguste  Bianco, 
Captain,  Naval  Attache  to  the 
Royal  Embassy  at  London, 
technical  delegate. 


1907 

Dalbemar,  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Paris,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  J.  N.  Leger, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
Washington,  delegate  pleni- 
potentiary ; 

Mr.  Pierre  Hudicourt,  ex-pro- 
fessor of  international  public 
law,  advocate  at  the  bar  of 
Port  au  Prince,  delegate  plen- 
ipotentiary. 

Italy : 

His  Excellency  Count  Joseph 
Tornielli  Brusati  di  Vergano, 
Senator  of  the  Kingdom,  Am- 
bassador of  His  Majesty  the 
King  at  Paris,  member  of  the 
Permanent  Court  of  Arbitra- 
tion, president  of  the  Italian 
delegation,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Guido 
Pompilj,  Parliamentary  Dep- 
uty, Under-Secretary  of 
State  at  the  Royal  Ministry 
for  Foreign  Affairs,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Guido  Fusinato,  Councilor 
of  State,  Parliamentary  Dep- 
uty, ex-Minister  of  Educa- 
tion, delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Marius  Nicolis  de  Robilant, 
General  of  Brigade,  technical 
delegate ; 

Mr.  Frangois  Castiglia,  Captain 
in  the  Navy,  technical  dele- 
gate. 


15 


1899 

For  Japan : 

i he  Baron  Hayashi,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  St.  Peters- 
burg, first  delegate,  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Mr.  I.  Motono,  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Pleni- 
potentiary at  Brussels,  second 
delegate,  plenipotentiary ; 

Colonel  Uyehara,  technical  del- 
egate ; 

Captain  Sakamoto,  Japanese 
Navy,  technical  delegate; 

Mr.  Nagao  Ariga,  professor  of 
international  law  at  the  Su- 
perior Military  School  and 
the  Naval  School  of  Tokio, 
technical  delegate. 


For  Luxemburg: 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Eyschen, 
Minister  of  State,  President 
of  the  Grand  Ducal  Govern- 
ment, delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

The  Count  de  Villers,  Charge 
d’Affaires  at  Berlin,  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 

For  the  United  States  of  Mexico  ■} 

Mr.  de  Mier,  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Plenipo- 


1907 

Japan: 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Keiroku 
Tsudzuki,  Ambassador  Ex- 
traordinary and  Plenipoten- 
tiary, first  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Aimaro 
Sato,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  The  Hague,  second  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Henry  Willard  Denison, 
Legal  Adviser  to  the  Imperial 
Ministry  for  Eoreign  Af- 
fairs, member  of  the  Perma- 
nent Court  of  Arbitration, 
technical  delegate ; 

Major  General  Yoshifuru  Aki- 
yama.  Inspector  of  Cavalry, 
technical  delegate ; 

Rear-Admiral  Hayao  Shima- 
mura,  president  of  the  Naval 
College  at  Etajima,  technical 
delegate. 

Luxemburg : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Eyschen, 
Minister  of  State,  President 
of  the  Grand  Ducal  Govern- 
ment, delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

Count  de  Villers,  Charge 
d’Afifaires  at  Berlin,  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 

Mexico : 

IJis  Excellency  Mr.  Gonzalo  A. 
Esteva,  Envoy  Extraordinary 


Japan. 


Luxemburg. 


Mexico. 


^See  footnote  on  p.  2. 


16 


Montenegro. 


Nicaragua. 


1899 

tentiary  at  Paris,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Zenil,  Minister  Resident  at 
Brussels,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary. 


For  Montenegro : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  de  Staal, 
Privy  Councilor,  Russian  Am- 
bassador at  London,  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 


1907 

and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  Rome,  first  delegate  pleni- 
potentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Sebastian 
B.  de  Micr,  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Paris,  second  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Francisco 
L.  de  la  Barra,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Brussels 
and  at  The  Hague,  third  del- 
egate plenipotentiary. 

Montenegro : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Nelidow, 
Privy  Councilor,  Russian  Am- 
bassador at  Paris,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  de  Martens, 
Privy  Councilor,  permanent 
member  of  the  Council  of  the 
Imperial  Russian  Ministry 
for  Foreign  Affairs,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Tcharykow, 
Councilor  of  State,  Chamber- 
lain,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
of  Russia  at  The  Hague,  del- 
egate plenipotentiary. 

Nicaragua : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Crisanto 
Medina,  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Paris,  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 


17 


1899 


For  the  Netherlands : 

Jonkheer  A.  P.  C.  van  Karne- 
beek,  ex-Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  member  of  the  Sec- 
ond Chamber  of  the  States- 
General,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

General  J.  C.  C.  den  Beer  Poor- 
tugael,  ex-Minister  for  War, 
member  of  the  Council  of 


1907 


Norway 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Francis 
Hagerup,  ex-President  of  the 
Council,  ex-professor  of  law, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The 
Hague  and  Copenhagen,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Joachim  Grieg,  ship-owner 
and  Deputy,  technical  dele- 
gate; 

Mr.  Christian  Lous  Lang,  Sec- 
retary to  the  Nobel  Commit- 
tee of  the  Norwegian  Stor- 
thing, technical  delegate. 

Panama : 

Mr.  Belisario  Porras,  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 

Paraguay : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Eusebio 
Machain,  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Paris,  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 

The  Netherlands; 

Mr.  W.  H.  de  Beaufort,  ex- 
Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs, 
member  of  the  Second 
Chamber  of  the  States-Gen- 
eral,  delegate  plenipotentiary. 

His  Excellency  Mr.  T.  M.  C. 
Asser,  Minister  of  State, 
member  of  the  Council  of 
State,  member  of  the  Perma- 


Norway. 


Panama. 


Paraguay. 


Netherlands. 


^Sweden  and  Norway  constituted  a Union  until  1905.  For  their  delegation 
to  the  First  Conference,  see  p.  23. 


18 


1899 

State,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

Mr.  T.  M.  C.  Asser,  member 
of  the  Council  of  State,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  E.  N.  Rahusen,  member 
of  the  First  Chamber  of  the 
States-General,  delegate  plen- 
ipotentiary ; 

Captain  A.  P.  Tadema,  Chief 
of  the  Staff  of  the  Nether- 
lands Marine,  technical  dele- 
gate. 


1907 

nent  Court  of  Arbitration, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Jonkheer  J.  C. 

■ C.  den  Beer  Poortugael, 
Lieutenant  General  on  the  re- 
tired list,  ex-Minister  of  War, 
member  of  the  Council  or 
State,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

His  Excellency  Jonkheer  J.  A. 
Roell,  Aide-de-camp  to  Her 
Majesty  the  Queen  in  Ex- 
traordinary Service,  Vice- 
Admiral  on  the  retired  list, 
ex-Minister  of  Marine,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  J.  A.  Loeff,  ex-Minister  of 
Justice,  member  of  the  Sec- 
ond Chamber  of  the  States- 
General,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

Mr.  H.  L.  van  Oordt,  Lieuten- 
ant Colonel  on  the  Staff,  pro- 
fessor at  the  Higher  Military 
College,  technical  delegate ; 

Jonkheer  W.  J.  M.  van  Eysinga, 
Head  of  the  Political  Section 
at  the  Ministry  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  assistant  delegate;. 

Jonkheer  H.  A.  van  Karne- 
beek,  Gentleman  of  the 
Chamber,  Assistant  Head  of 
Department  at  the  Colonial 
Office,  assistant  delegate ; 

Mr.  H.  G.  Surie,  Naval  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  First  Class, 
technical  delegate. 


19 


1899 


For  Persia : 

Aide-de-Camp  General  Mirza 
Riza  Khan  (Arfa-ud-Dov- 
leh),  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  St.  Petersburg  and  Stock- 
holm, first  delegate,  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Mr.  Mirza  Samad  Khan  (Mon- 
tazis-Saltaneh),  Counselor  of 
Legation  at  St.  Petersburg, 
assistarlt  delegate. 


Eor  Portugal: 

The  Count  de  Macedo,  Peer  of 
the  Kingdom,  ex-Minister  of 
Marine  and  the  Colonies,  En- 
voy Extraordinary  and  Min- 
ister Plenipotentiary  at  Ma- 
drid, delegate  plenipotentiary  ; 

Mr.  d’Ornellas  Vasconcellos, 
Peer  of  the  Kingdom,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  St.  Peters- 


1907 

Peru : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Carlos  G. 
Candamo,  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Paris  and  London, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Gustavo  de  la  Fuente,  First 
Secretary  of  Legation  at 
Paris,  assistant  delegate. 

Persia : 

His  Excellency  Samad  Khan 
Momtas-es-Saltaneh,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Paris, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  dele- 
gate, first  plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mirza  Ahmed 
Khan  Sadig-ul-Mulkh,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hague, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Hennebicq,  Legal  Adviser 
to  the  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs  at  Teheran,  technical 
delegate. 

Portugal : 

His  Excellency  the  Marquis  de 
Soveral,  Councilor  of  State, 
Peer  of  the  Realm,  ex-Min- 
ister for  Foreign  Affairs,  En- 
voy Extraordinary  and  Min- 
ister Plenipotentiary  at  Lon- 
don, Ambassador  Extraordi- 
nary and  Plenipotentiary,  del- 
egate plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Count  de  Selir, 


Peru. 


Persia. 


Portugal. 


20 


Rouinania. 


I\ussia. 


1899 

burg,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

The  Count  de  Selir,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The 
Hague,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

Captain  Augusto  de  Castilho, 
technical  delegate ; 

Captain  on  the  General  Staff 
Ayres  d’Ornellas,  technical 
delegate. 


For  Roumania: 

Mr.  Alexandre  Beldiman,  En- 
voy Extraordinary  and  Min- 
ister Plenipotentiary  at  Ber- 
lin, first  delegate,  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

Mr.  Jean  N.  Papiniu,  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The 
Hague,  second  delegate,  plen- 
ipotentiary ; 

Aide-de-Canip  Colonel  Constan- 
tin Coanda,  Director  of  Artil- 
lery at  the  Ministry  for  War, 
technical  delegate. 

For  Russia : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  de  Staal, 
Privy  Councilor,  Russian 
Ambassador  at  London,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  de  Martens,  permanent 
member  of  the  Council  of  the 
Imperial  Ministry  for  For- 


1907 

Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
The  Hague,  delegate  pleni- 
potentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Alberto 
d’Oliveira,  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Berne,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomaz  An- 
tonio Garcia  Rosado,  General 
Staff,  technical  delegate; 

Mr.  Guilherme  Ivens  Ferraz, 
Lieutenant  Commander  in  the 
Navy,  technical  delegate. 

Roumania ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Alexandre 
Beldiman,  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  Berlin,  first  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Edgard 
Mavrocordato,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hague, 
second  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

Captain  Alexander  Sturdza, 
General  Staff,  technical  dele- 
gate. 

Russia : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Nelidow, 
Privy  Councilor,  Russian 
Ambassador  at  Paris,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  de  Martens, 
Privy  Councilor,  permanent 
member  of  the  Council  of  the 


21 


1899 

eign  Affairs,  Privy  Councilor, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  de  Easily,  Councilor  of 
State,  Chamberlain,  Director 
of  the  First  Department  of 
the  Imperial  Ministry  for 
Foreign  Affairs,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Raffalovich,  Councilor  of 
State,  Agent  in  France  of  the 
Imperial  Ministry  for  Fi- 
nance, technical  delegate ; 

Mr.  Gilinsky,  Colonel  on  the 
General  Staff,  technical  dele- 
gate; 

Count  Barantzew,  Colonel  of 
Horse  Artillery  of  the  Guard, 
technical  delegate ; 

Captain  Scheine,  Russian  Naval 
Agent  in  France,  technical 
delegate ; 

Mr.  Ovtchinnikow,  Naval  Lieu- 
tenant, professor  of  juris- 
prudence, technical  delegate. 


1907 

Imperial  Ministry  for  For- 
eign Affairs,  member  of  the 
Permanent  Court  of  Arbitra- 
tion, delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Tchary- 
kow.  Councilor  of  State, 
Chamberlain,  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  The  Hague,  dele- 
gate plenipotentiary; 

Mr.  Prozor,  Councilor  of  State, 
Chamberlain,  Russian  Minis- 
ter at  Rio  de  Janeiro,  techni- 
cal delegate; 

Major  General  Yermolow,  Mil- 
itary Attache  at  London, 
technical  delegate. 

Colonel  Michelson,  Military 
Attache  at  Berlin,  technical 
delegate ; 

Captain  Behr,  Naval  Attache  at 
London,  technical  delegate ; 

Colonel  Ovtchinnikow,  of  the 
Admiralty,  professor  of  in- 
ternational law  at  the  Naval 
Academy,  technical  delegate. 

Salvador : 

Mr.  Pedro  J.  Matheu,  Charge 
d’Affaires  at  Paris,  member 
of  the  Permanent  Court  of 
Arbitration,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Mr.  Santiago  Perez  Triana, 
Charge  d’Affaires  at  London, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 


Salvador. 


22 


Servia. 


Siam. 


1899 

For  Servia; 

Mr.  Miyatovitch,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  London 
and  The  Hague,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Colonel  Maschine,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Cettinje, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Dr.  Vo’islave  Veljkovitch,  pro- 
fessor in  the  Faculty  of  Law 
at  Belgrade,  assistant  dele- 
gate. 


For  Siam : 

His  Excellency  Phya  Suriya 
Nuvatr,  Envoy  Extraordi- 
nary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  St.  Petersburg  and 
Paris,  first  delegate,  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Phya  Visuddha 
Suriya  Sakdi,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  The  Hague 
and  London,  second  delegate, 
plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Ch.  Corragioni  d’Orelli, 
Counselor  of  Legation,  third 
delegate ; 

Mr.  Edouard  Rolin,  Siamese 
Consul  General  in  Belgium, 
fourth  delegate. 


1907 

Servia : 

His  Excellency  General  Sava 
Grou'itch,  President  of  the 
Council  of  State,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Milovan 
Milovanovitch,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Rome, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Michel  Mi- 
litchevitch.  Envoy  Extraor- 
dinary and  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary at  London  and  The 
Hague,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary. 

Siam : 

Major  General  Mom.  Chatidej 
Udom,  delegate  plenipoten-- 
tiary ; 

Mr.  Corragioni  d’Orelli,  Coun- 
selor of  Legation  at  Paris, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Captain  Luang  Bhuvanarth 
Nariibal,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary. 


23 


1899 

For  Sweden  and  Norway  : 

1 he  Baron  de  Bildt,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  the  Royal 
Court  of  Italy,  delegate  pleni- 
potentiary. 

Sweden: 

Colonel  P.  H.  E.  Brandstrdn, 
Chief  of  First  Regiment  of 
Grenadiers  of  the  Guard, 
technical  delegate ; 

Captain  C.  A.  M.  de  Hjulham- 
mar,  Swedish  Navy,  techni- 
cal delegate. 

'Norway: 

Mr.  W.  Konow,  President  of 
the  Odelsting,  technical  dele- 
gate; 

Major  General  J.  J.  Thaulow, 
Surgeon  General  of  the 
Army  and  Navy,  technical 
delegate. 

For  Switzerland : 

Dr.  Arnold  Roth,  Envoy  Ex- 
traordinary and  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  at  Berlin,  del- 
egate plenipotentiary ; 

Colonel  Arnold  Kiinzli,  Na- 
tional Councilor,  delegate ; 

Mr.  Edouard  Odier, . National 
Councilor,  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary. 


1907 

Sweden : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Knut  Hjal- 
mar  Leonard  de  Hammar- 
skjold.  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  Copenhagen,  ex-Minister 
of  Justice,  member  of  the 
Permanent  Court  of  Arbitra- 
tion, first  delegate  plenipo- 
tentiary ; 

Mr.  Johannes  Hellner,  ex-Min- 
ister without  Portfolio,  ex- 
member of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Sweden,  member  of 
the  Permanent  Court  of  Ar- 
bitration, second  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 

Colonel  David  Hedengren, 
Commanding  a Regiment  of 
Artillery,  technical  delegate ; 

Commander  Gustaf  de  Klint, 
Head  of  a Section  on  the 
Staff  of  the  Royal  Navy, 
technical  delegate. 

Switzerland : 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Gaston 
Carlin,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary 
at  London  and  The  Hague, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Eugene  Borel,  Colonel  on 
the  General  Staff,  professor 
at  the  University  of  Geneva, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Mr.  Max  Huber,  professor  of 
law  at  the  University  of  Zu- 
rich, delegate  plenipotentiary. 


Sweden. 


Switzerland. 


24 


Turkey. 


Uruguay. 


Venezuela. 


]899 

For  Turkey : 

His  Excellency  Turkhan  Pasha, 
ex-Minister  for  Foreign  Af- 
fairs, member  of  the  Council 
of  State,  first  delegate,  pleni- 
potentiary ; 

Noury  Bey,  Secretary  General 
to  the  Ministry  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

Abdullah  Pasha,  General  of  Di- 
vision of  the  Staff,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Mehemed  Pasha,  Rear-Admiral, 
delegate  plenipotentiary. 


1907 

Turkey : 

His  Excellency  Turkhan  Pasha,. 
Ambassador  Extraordinary, 
Minister  of  the  Evkaf,  first 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Rechid  Bey,. 
Turkish  Ambassador  at 
Rome,  delegate  plenipoten- 
tiary ; 

His  Excellency  Vice-Admiral 
Mehemed  Pasha,  delegate 
plenipotentiary ; 

Raif  Bey,  Legal  Adviser  on  the 
Civil  List,  assistant  delegate;. 

Colonel  on  the  Staff  Mehemmed 
Said  Bey,  assistant  delegate. 

Uruguay : 

Mr.  Jose  Batlle  y Ordonez,  ex- 
President  of  the  Republic,, 
member  of  the  Permanent 
Court  of  Arbitration,  first 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

His  Excellency  Mr.  Juan  P. 
Castro,  ex-President  of  the 
Senate,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary' 
at  Paris,  member  of  the  Per- 
manent Court  of  Arbitration, 
delegate  plenipotentiary ; 

Colonel  Sebastian  Buquet, 
Commanding  a Regiment  of 
Field  Artillery,  technical  del- 
egate. 

The  United  States  of  Venezuela: 

Mr.  Jose  Gil  Fortoul,  Charge 
d’Affaires  at  Berlin,  delegate 
plenipotentiary. 


25 


1899 

In  a series  of  meetings,  between 
the  18th  May  and  the  29th  July, 
1899,  in  which  the  constant  desire 
of  the  delegates  above-mentioned 
has  been  to  realize,  in  the  fullest 
manner  possible,  the  generous 
views  of  the  august  initiator  of 
the  Conference  and  the  intentions 
of  their  Governments,  the  Confer- 
ence has  agreed,  for  submission 
for  signature  by  the  plenipoten- 
tiaries, on  the  text  of  the  Conven- 
tions and  Declarations  enumerated 
below  and  annexed  to  the  present 
Act: 

I.  Convention  for  the  peaceful 
adjustment  of  international 
differences. 


II.  Convention  regarding  the 
laws  and  customs  of  war  on 
land. 


1907 

At  a series  of  meetings,  held 
from  the  15th  June  to  the  18th 
October,  1907,  in  which  the  above 
delegates  were  throughout  ani- 
mated by  the  desire  to  realize,  in 
the  fullest  possible  measure,  the 
generous  views  of  the  august  initi- 
ator of  the  Conference  and  the  in- 
tentions of  their  Governments,  the 
Conference  drew  up,  for  submis- 
sion for  signature  by  the  plenipo- 
tentiaries, the  text  of  the  Conven- 
tions and  of  the  Declaration  enu- 
merated below  and  annexed  to  the 
present  Act : 

I.  Convention  for  the  pacific 
settlement  of  international 
disputes. 

II.  Convention  respecting  the 
limitation  of  the  employment 
of  force  for  the  recovery  of 
contract  debts. 

III.  Convention  relative  to  the 
opening  of  hostilities. 

IV.  Convention  respecting  the 
laws  and  customs  of  war  on 
land. 

V.  Convention  respecting  the 
rights  and  duties  of  neutral 
powers  and  persons  in  case 
of  war  on  land. 

VI.  Convention  relative  to  the 
status  of  enemy  merchant 
ships  at  the  outbreak  of  hos- 
tilities. 

VII.  Convention  relative  to  the 
conversion  of  merchant  ships 
into  war-ships. 


Preamble. 


Conventions: 

Pacific 

settlements. 


Contract  debts. 


Opening  of 
hostilities. 


Land  warfare. 


Neutrals  in 
war  on  land. 


Enemy  mer- 
chant ships. 


Conversion. 


26 


Submarine 

mines. 


Naval 

bombardment. 


Geneva 

Convention. 


Capture  in 
naval  war. 


Prize  Court. 


Neutrals  in 
naval  war. 


Declarations: 

Projectiles 
from  balloons. 


Asphyxiating 

gases. 


Expanding 

bullets. 


1899 


III.  Convention  for  the  adapta- 
tion to  maritime  warfare  of 
the  principles  of  the  Geneva 
Convention  of  the  22d  Au- 
gust, 1864. 


IV.  Three  Declarations : 

1. To  prohibit  the  launching 
of  projectiles  and  explosives 
from  balloons  or  by  other 
similar  new  methods. 

2.  To  prohibit  the  use  of  projec- 
tiles, the  only  object  of  which 
is  the  diffusion  of  asphyxia- 
ting or  deleterious  gases. 

3.  To  prohibit  the  use  of  bullets 
which  expand  or  flatten  easily 
in  the  human  body,  such  as 
bullets  with  a hard  envelope, 
of  which  the  envelope  does 
not  entirely  cover  the  core, 
or  is  pierced  with  incisions. 


1907 

VTII.  Convention  relative  to. 
the  laying  of  automatic  sub- 
marine contact  mines. 

IX.  Convention  respecting  bom- 
bardment by  naval  forces  in. 
time  of  war. 

X.  Convention  for  the  adapta- 
tion to  naval  war  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Geneva  Conven- 
tion. 

XL  Convention  relative  to  cer- 
tain restrictions  with  regard 
to  the  exercise  of  the  right 
of  capture  in  naval  war. 

XII.  Convention  relative  to  the 
creation  of  an  International 
Prize  Court. 

XIII.  Convention  concerning 
the  rights  and  duties  of  neu- 
tral Powers  in  naval  war. 

XIV.  Declaration  prohibiting 
the  discharge  of  projectiles 
and  explosives  from  balloons.. 


27 


1899 

These  Conventions  and  Decla- 
rations  shall  form  so  many  sepa- 
rate Acts.  These  Acts  shall  be 
•dated  this  day,  and  may  be  signed 
tip  to  the  31st  December,  1899,  by 
the  plenipotentiaries  of  the  Pow- 
ers represented  at  the  Interna- 
tional Peace  Conference  at  The 
Hague. 


1907 

These  Conventions  and  Decla-  oflb’^e. 
ration  shall  form  so  many  sepa- 
rate Acts.  These  Acts  shall  be 
dated  this  day,  and  may  be  signed 
up  to  the  30th  June,  1908,  at  The 
Hague,  by  the  plenipotentiaries 
of  the  Powers  represented  at  the 
Second  Peace  Conference. 


The  Conference,  actuated  by  the 
spirit  of  mutual  agreement  and 
concession  characterizing  its  de- 
liberations, has  agreed  upon  the 
following  Declaration,  which, 
while  reserving  to  each  of  the 
Powers  represented  full  liberty  of 
action  as  regards  voting,  enables 
them  to  affirm  the  principles 
which  they  regard  as  unanimous- 
ly admitted : 

It  is  unanimous — 

1.  In  admitting  the  principle  of 
compulsory  arbitration. 

2.  In  declaring  that  certain  dis- 
putes, in  particular  those  relating 
to  the  interpretation  and  applica- 
tion of  the  provisions  of  interna- 
tional agreements,  may  be  sub- 
mitted to  compulsory  arbitration 
without  any  restriction. 

Finally,  it  is  unanimous  in  pro- 
claiming that,  although  it  has  not 
yet  been  found  feasible  to  con- 
clude a Convention  in  this  sense, 
nevertheless  the  divergences  of 
opinion  which  have  come  to  light 
have  not  exceeded  the  bounds  of 
judicial  controversy,  and  that,  by 


Declaration 

respecting 

obligatory 

arbitration. 


28 


Resolution 
respecting 
limitation 
of  military 
expenditure. 


Vceux, 


1.  (1899)  Revi- 
sion of  Geneva 
Convention. 
(1907)  Judicial 
Arbitration 
Court. 


1899 


Guided  by  the  same  sentiments, 
the  Conference  has  adopted  unan- 
imously the  following  Resolution : 

The  Conference  is  of  opinion 
that  the  restriction  of  mili- 
tary charges,  which  are  at 
present  a heavy  burden  on 
the  world,  is  extremely  desir- 
able for  the  increase  of  the 
material  and  moral  welfare 
of  mankind. 


It  has  besides,  formulated  the 
following  Vceux: 

l.The  Conference,  taking  into 
consideration  the  preliminary 
step  taken  by  the  Swiss  Fed- 
eral Government  for  the  re- 
vision of  the  Geneva  Conven- 
tion, expresses  the  wish  that 
steps  may  be  shortly  taken 
for  the  assembly  of  a special 
Conference  having  for  its  ob- 
ject the  revision  of  that  Con- 
vention. 

This  wish  was  voted  unani- 
mously. 


1907 

working  together  here  during  the 
past  four  months,  the  collected 
Powers  not  only  have  learnt  to 
understand  one  another  and  to 
draw  closer  together,  but  have 
succeeded  in  the  course  of  this 
long  collaboration  in  evolving  a 
very  lofty  conception  of  the  com- 
mon welfare  of  humanity. 

The  Conference  has  further 
unanimously  adopted  the  follow- 
ing Resolution: 

The  Second  Peace  Conference 
confirms  the  Resolution 
adopted  by  the  Conference  of 
1899  in  regard  to  the  limita- 
tion of  military  expenditure ; 
and  inasmuch  as  military  ex- 
penditure has  considerably 
increased  in  almost  every 
country  since  that  time,  the 
Conference  declares  that  it  is 
eminently  desirable  that  the 
Governments  should  resume 
the  serious  examination  of 
this  question. 

It  has  besides  expressed  the  fol- 
lowing Vceux: 

1.  The  Conference  calls  the  at- 
tention of  the  signatory  Pow- 
ers to  the  advisability  of 
adopting  the  annexed  draft 
Convention^  for  the  creation 
of  a Judicial  Arbitration 
Court,  and  of  bringing  it  into 
force  as  soon  as  an  agree- 
ment has  been  reached  re- 
specting the  selection  of  the 
judges  and  the  constitution 
of  the  Court. 


^Post,  p.  31. 


29 


1899 

2.  The  Conference  expresses  the 
wish  that  the  questions  of  the 
rights  and  duties  of  neutrals 
may  be  inserted  in  the  pro- 
gram of  a Conference  in  the 
near  future. 


3.  The  Conference  expresses  the 
wish  that  the  questions  with 
regard  to  rifles  and  naval 
guns,  as  considered  by  it,  may 
be  studied  by  the  Govern- 
ments with  the  object  of  com- 
ing to  an  agreement  respect- 
ing the  employment  of  new 
types  and  calibers. 

4.  The  Conference  expresses  the 
wish  that  the  Governments, 
taking  into  consideration  the 
proposals  made  at  the  Con- 
ference, may  examine  the 
possibility  of  an  agreement  as 
to  the  limitation  of  armed 
forces  by  land  and  sea,  and 
of  war  budgets. 


5.  The  Conference  expresses  the 
wish  that  the  proposal,  which 
contemplates  the  declaration 
of  the  inviolability  of  private 
property  in  naval  warfare. 


1907 

2.  The  Conference  expresses  the 
opinion  that,  in  case  of  war, 
the  responsible  authorities, 
civil  as  well  as  military, 
should  make  it  their  special 
duty  to  ensure  and  safeguard 
the  maintenance  of  pacific 
relations,  more  especially  of 
the  commercial  and  industrial 
relations  between  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  belligerent  States 
and  neutral  countries. 

3.  The  Conference  expresses  the 
opinion  that  the  Powers 
should  regulate,  by  special 
treaties,  the  position,  as  re- 
gards military  charges,  of 
foreigners  residing  within 
their  territories. 


4.  The  Conference  expresses  the 
opinion  that  the  preparation 
of  regulations  relative  to  the 
laws  and  customs  of  naval 
war  should  figure  in  the  pro- 
gram of  the  next  Confer- 
ence, and  that  in  any  case  the 
Powers  may  apply,  as  far  as 
possible,  to  war  by  sea  the 
principles  of  the  Convention 
relative  to  the  laws  and  cus- 
toms of  war  on  land. 

Finally,  the  Conference  recom- 
mends to  the  Powers  the  assembly 
of  a Third  Peace  Conference, 
which  might  be  held  within  a 
period  corresponding  to  that 


2.  (1899)  Rights 
and  duties 
of  neutrals, 
(1907)  Mainte- 
nance of  rela- 
tions between 
belligerents 
and  neutrals. 


3.  (1899)  Types 
and  calibers  of 
guns. 

(1907)  Military 
charges  on 
resident  aliens. 


4.  0899)  Limi- 
tation of  armed 
forces  and 
budgets. 

(1907)  Laws 
and  customs  of 
naval  war. 


5.  (1899)  Pri- 
vate property 
in  naval  war. 
0907)  Third 
Peace  Con- 
ference. 


30 


6.  (1899)  Naval 
bombardment 
of  ports,  etc. 


3 899 

may  be  referred  to  a subse- 
quent Conference  for  consid- 
eration. 


6.  The  Conference  expresses  the 
wish  that  the  proposal  to  set- 
tle the  question  of  the  bom- 
bardment of  ports,  towns, 
and  villages  by  a naval  force 
may  be  referred  to  a subse- 


1907 

which  has  elapsed  since  the  pre- 
ceding Conference,  at  a date  to 
be  fixed  by  common  agreement 
between  the  Powers,  and  it  calls 
their  attention  to  the  necessity  of 
preparing  the  program  of  this 
Third  Conference  a sufficient  time 
in  advance  to  ensure  its  delibera- 
tions being  conducted  with  the 
necessary  authority  and  expedi- 
tion. 

In  order  to  attain  this  object 
the  Conference  considers  that  it 
would  be  very  desirable  that,  some 
two  years  before  the  probable  date 
of  the  meeting,  a preparatory 
committee  should  be  charged  by 
the  Governments  with  the  task  of 
collecting  the  various  proposals  to 
be  submitted  to  the  Conference,  of 
ascertaining  what  subj  ects  are  ripe 
for  embodiment  in  an  interna- 
tional regulation,  and  of  preparing 
a program  which  the  Govern- 
ments should  decide  upon  in  suf- 
ficient time  to  enable  it  to  be  care- 
fully examined  by  the  countries 
interested.  This  committee  should 
further  be  intrusted  with  the  task 
of  proposing  a system  of  organi- 
zation and  procedure  for  the  Con- 
ference itself. 


31 


1899 

quent  Conference  for  consid- 
eration. 

The  last  five  wishes  were  voted 
unanimously,  saving  some  absten- 
tions. 

In  faith  of  which,  the  plenipo- 
tentiaries have  signed  the  present 
Act,  and  have  affixed  their  seals 
thereto. 

Done  at  The  Hague,  29th  July, 
1899,  in  one  copy  only,  which 
shall  be  deposited  in  the  Ministry 
for  Foreign  Affairs,  and  of  which 
copies,  duly  certified,  shall  be  de- 
livered to  all  the  Powers  repre- 
sented at  the  Conference. 

[Here  follow  signatures.] 


1907 


In  faith  whereof  the  Plenipo- 
tentiaries have  signed  the  present 
Act  and  have  affixed  their  seals 
thereto. 

Done  at  The  Hague,  the  18th 
October,  1907,  in  a single  copy, 
which  shall  remain  deposited  in 
the  archives  of  the  Netherland 
Government,  and  duly  certified 
copies  of  which  shall  be  sent  to  all 
the  Powers  represented  at  the 
Conference. 

[Here  follow  signatures.] 


ANNEX  TO  THE  FIRST  OPINION  EXPRESSED  BY  THE 
SECOND  PEACE  CONFERENCE 

DRAFT  CONVENTION  RELATIVE  TO  THE  CREATION  OF  A 
JUDICIAL  ARBITRATION  COURT 

Part  I. — Constitution  of  the  Judicial  Arbitration  Court 
Article  1 

With  a view  to  promoting  the  cause  of  arbitration,  the  contracting 
Powers  agree  to  constitute,  without  altering  the  status  of  the  Perma- 
nent Court  of  Arbitration,  a Judicial  Arbitration  Court,  of  free  and 
easy  access,  composed  of  judges  representing  the  various  juridical 
systems  of  the  world,  and  capable  of  insuring  continuity  in  jurispru- 
dence of  arbitration. 

Article  2 

The  Judicial  Arbitration  Court  is  composed  of  judges  and  deputy 
judges  chosen  from  persons  of  the  highest  moral  reputation,  and  all 


Signing 


Deposit  of 
original. 


Certified  copies 
to  Powers. 


Constitution 
of  Court. 


Status  of 
Permanent 
Court  of 
Arbitration 
not  altered. 


Qualifications 
of  members 
of  Court. 


32 


Term  of 
service. 


Vacancies. 


Rank  of 
members. 


Diplomatic 
privileges  and 
immunities. 


Special 

delegation. 


fulfilling  conditions  qualifying  them,  in  their  respective  countries,  to 
occupy  high  legal  posts,  or  be  jurists  of  recognized  competence  in 
matters  of  international  law. 

The  judges  and  deputy  judges  of  the  Court  are  appointed,  as  far  as 
possible,  from  the  members  of  the  Permanent  Court  of  Arbitration. 
The  appointment  shall  be  made  within  the  six  months  following  the 
ratification  of  the  present  Convention. 

Article  3 

The  judges  and  deputy  judges  are  appointed  for  a period  of  twelve 
years,  counting  from  the  date  on  which  the  appointment  is  notified 
to  the  Administrative  Council  created  by  the  Convention  for  the 
pacific  settlement  of  international  disputes.  Their  appointments  can 
be  renewed. 

Should  a judge  or  deputy  judge  die  or  retire,  the  vacancy  is  filled 
in  the  manner  in  which  his  appointment  was  made.  In  this  case,  the 
appointment  is  made  for  a fresh  period  of  twelve  years. 

Article  4 

The  judges  of  the  Judicial  Arbitration  Court  are  equal  and  rank 
according  to  the  date  on  which  their  appointment  was  notified.  The 
judge  who  is  senior  in  point  of  age  takes  precedence  when  the  date 
of  notification  is  the  same. 

The  deputy  judges  are  assimilated,  in  the  exercise  of  their  func- 
tions, with  the  judges.  They  rank,  however,  below  the  latter. 

Article  5 

The  judges  enjoy  diplomatic  privileges  and  immunities  in  the 
exercise  of  their  functions,  outside  their  own  country. 

Before  taking  their  seat,  the  judges  and  deputy  judges  must  swear, 
before  the  Administrative  Council,  or  make  a solemn  affirmation  to 
exercise  their  functions  impartially  and  conscientiously. 

Article  6 

The  Court  annually  nominates  three  judges  to  form  a special  dele- 
gation and  three  more  to  replace  them  should  the  necessity  arise. 
They  may  be  reelected.  They  are  balloted  for.  The  persons  who 


33 


secure  the  largest  number  of  votes  are  considered  elected.  The  dele- 
gation itself  elects  its  president,  who,  in  default  of  a majority,  is 
appointed  by  lot. 

A member  of  the  delegation  can  not  exercise  his  duties  when  the 
Power  which  appointed  him,  or  of  which  he  is  a national,  is  one  of 
the.  parties. 

The  members  of  the  delegation  are  to  conclude  all  matters  sub- 
mitted to  them,  even  if  the  period  for  which  they  have  been  appointed 
judges  has  expired. 

Article  7 

A judge  may  not  exercise  his  judicial  functions  in  any  case  in  which 
he  has,  in  any  way  whatever,  taken  part  in  the  decision  of  a national 
tribunal,  of  a tribunal  of  arbitration,  or  of  a commission  of  inquiry,  or 
has  figured  in  the  suit  as  counsel  or  advocate  for  one  of  the  parties. 

A judge  can  not  act  as  agent  or  advocate  before  the  Judicial  Arbi- 
tration Court  or  the  Permanent  Court  of  Arbitration,  before  a special 
tribunal  of  arbitration  or  a commission  of  inquiry,  nor  act  for  one  of  the 
parties  in  any  capacity  whatsoever  so  long  as  his  appointment  lasts. 

Article  8 

The  Court  elects  its  president  and  vice-president  by  an  absolute 
majority  of  the  votes  cast.  After  two  ballots,  the  election  is  made  by 
a bare  majority  and,  in  case  the  votes  are  even,  by  lot. 

Article  9 

The  judges  of  the  Judicial  Arbitration  Court  receive  an  annual 
salary  of  6,000  Netherland  florins.  This  salary  is  paid  at  the  end  of 
each  half-year,  reckoned  from  the  date  on  which  the  Court  meets  for 
the  first  time. 

In  the  exercise  of  their  duties  during  the  sessions  or  in  the  special 
cases  covered  by  the  present  Convention,  they  receive  the  sum  of  100 
florins  per  diem.  They  are  further  entitled  to  receive  a traveling  allow- 
ance fixed  in  accordance  with  regulations  existing  in  their  own  country. 
The  provisions  of  the  present  paragraph  are  applicable  also  to  a 
deputy  judge  when  acting  for  a judge. 

These  emoluments  are  included  in  the  general  expenses  of  the  Court 
dealt  with  in  Article  31,  and  are  paid  through  the  International  Bureau 


Disqualification 
of  a judge. 


Court  elects 
its  president 
and  vice- 
president. 


Compensation 
of  judges. 


34 


Seat  of 
the  Court. 


Functions  of 

Administrative 

Council. 


Functions  of 
International 
Bureau. 


Secretaries, 
etc.,  appointed 
hy  Court. 


Sessions. 


created  by  the  Convention  for  the  pacific  settlement  of  international 
disputes. 

Article  10 

The  judges  may  not  accept  from  their  own  Government  or  from  that 
of  any  other  Power  any  remuneration  for  services  connected  with  their 
duties  in  their  capacity  of  members  of  the  Court. 

Article  11 

The  seat  of  the  Judicial  Court  of  Arbitration  is  at  The  Hague,  and 
can  not  be  transferred,  unless  absolutely  obliged  by  circumstances, 
elsewhere. 

The  delegation  may  choose,  with  the  assent  of  the  parties  concerned, 
another  site  for  its  meetings,  if  special  circumstances  render  such  a 
step  necessary. 

Article  12 

The  Administrative  Council  fulfils  with  regard  to  the  Judicial 
Court  of  Arbitration  the  same  functions  as  to  the  Permanent  Court 
of  Arbitration. 

Article  13 

The  International  Bureau  acts  as  registry  to  the  Judicial  Court  of 
Arbitration,  and  must  place  its  offices  and  staff  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Court.  It  has  charge  of  the  archives  and  carries  out  the  administrative 
work. 

The  secretary  general  of  the  Bureau  discharges  the  functions  of 
registrar. 

The  necessary  secretaries  to  assist  the  registrar,  translators  and 
shorthand  writers  are  appointed  and  sworn  in  by  the  Court. 

Article  14 

The  Court  meets  in  session  once  a year.  The  session  opens  the  third 
Wednesday  in  June  and  lasts  until  all  the  business  on  the  agenda  has 
been  transacted. 

The  Court  does  not  meet  in  session  if  the  delegation  considers  that 
such  meeting  is  unnecessary.  However,  when  a Power  is  party  in  a 
case  actually  pending  before  the  Court,  the  pleadings  in  which  are 
closed,  or  about  to  be  closed,  it  may  insist  that  the  session  should  be 
held. 


35 


When  necessary,  the  delegation  may  summon  the  Court  in  extraor- 
dinary session. 

Article  15 

A report  of  the  doings  of  the  Court  shall  be  drawn  up  every  year 
by  the  delegation.  This  report  shall  be  forwarded  to  the  contracting 
Powers  through  the  International  Bureau.  It  shall  also  be  communi- 
cated to  the  judges  and  deputy  judges  of  the  Court. 

Article  16 

The  judges  and  deputy  judges,  members  of  the  Judicial  Arbitra- 
tion Court,  can  also  exercise  the  functions  of  judge  and  deputy  judge 
in  the  International  Prize  Court. 

Part  II. — Competency  and  Procedure 

Article  17 

The  Judicial  Court  of  Arbitration  is  competent  to  deal  with  all 
cases  submitted  to  it,  in  virtue  either  of  a general  undertaking  to  have 
recourse  to  arbitration  or  of  a special  agreement. 

Article  18 

The  delegation  is  competent — 

1.  To  decide  the  arbitrations  referred  to  in  the  preceding  article, 
if  the  parties  concerned  are  agreed  that  the  summary  procedure,  laid 
down  in  Part  IV,  Chapter  IV,  of  the  Convention  for  the  pacific  settle- 
ment of  international  disputes  is  to  be  applied ; 

2.  To  hold  an  inquiry  under  and  in  accordance  with  Part  III  of  the 
said  Convention,  in  so  far  as  the  delegation  is  intrusted  with  such 
inquiry  by  the  parties  acting  in  common  agreement.  With  the  assent 
of  the  parties  concerned,  and  as  an  exception  to  Article  7,  paragraph  1, 
the  members  of  the  delegation  who  have  taken  part  in  the  inquiry  may 
sit  as  judges,  if  the  case  in  dispute  is  submitted  to  the  arbitration  of  the 
Court  or  of  the  delegation  itself. 

Article  19 

The  delegation  is  also  competent  to  settle  the  compromis  referred 
to  in  Article  52  of  the  Convention  for  the  pacific  settlement  of  inter- 
national disputes  if  the  parties  are  agreed  to  leave  it  to  the  Court. 


Report. 


Judges  may 
exercise 
functions  in 
International 
Prize  Court. 


Competency 
and  procedure. 


Competency 
of  Court. 


Competency 
of  delegation. 


Delegation  may 
draw  up  coni- 
promis  if 
parties  agree; 


36 


or  in  case  of 
a dispute 
governed  by  a 
general  treaty; 


or  of  one 
originating  from 
contract  debts. 


Parties  may 

nominate 

judges. 


Contracting 
Powers  only 
to  have  access 
to  Court. 


Rules  of 
procedure. 


It  is  equally  competent  to  do  so,  even  when  the  request  is  only  made 
by  one  of  the  parties  concerned,  if  all  attempts  have  failed  to  reach 
an  understanding  through  the  diplomatic  channel,  in  the  case  of — 

1.  A dispute  covered  by  a general  treaty  of  arbitration  concluded 
or  renewed  after  the  present  Convention  has  come  into  force,  pro- 
viding for  a compromis  in  all  disputes,  and  not  either  explicitly  or  im- 
plicitly excluding  the  settlement  of  the  compromis  from  the  compe- 
tence of  the  delegation.  Recourse  can  not,  however,  be  had  to  the 
Court  if  the  other  party  declares  that  in  its  opinion  the  dispute  does 
not  belong  to  the  category  of  questions  to  be  submitted  to  compulsory 
arbitration,  unless  the  treaty  of  arbitration  confers  upon  the  arbitration 
tribunal  the  power  of  deciding  this  preliminary  question. 

2.  A dispute  arising  from  contract  debts  claimed  from  one  Power 
by  another  Power  as  due  to  its  nationals,  and  for  the  settlement  of 
which  the  offer  of  arbitration  has  been  accepted.  This  arrangement  is 
not  applicable  if  acceptance  is  subject  to  the  condition  that  the  com- 
promis should  be  settled  in  some  other  way. 

Article  20 

Each  of  the  parties  concerned  may  nominate  a judge  of  the  Court 
to  take  part,  with  power  to  vote,  in  the  examination  of  the  case  sub- 
mitted to  the  delegation. 

If  the  delegation  acts  as  a commission  of  inquiry,  this  task  may  be 
intrusted  to  persons  other  than  the  judges  of  the  Court.  The  travel- 
ing expenses  and  remuneration  to  be  given  to  the  said  persons  are  fixed 
and  borne  by  the  Powers  appointing  them. 

Article  21 

The  contracting  Powers  only  may  have  access  to  the  Judicial  Arbi- 
tration Court  set  up  by  the  present  Convention. 

Article  22 

The  Judicial  Court  of  Arbitration  follows  the  rules  of  procedure  laid 
down  in  the  Convention  for  the  pacific  settlement  of  international 
disputes,  except  in  so  far  as  the  procedure  is  laid  down  in  the  present 
Convention. 


I 


37 


Article  23 

The  Court  determines  what  language  it  will  itself  use  and  what 
languages  may  be  used  before  it. 

Article  24 

The  International  Bureau  serves  as  channel  for  all  communications 
to  be  made  to  the  judges  during  the  interchange  of  pleadings  provided 
for  in  Article  63,  paragraph  2,  of  the  Convention  for  the  pacific  settle- 
ment of  international  disputes. 

Article  25 

For  all  notices  to  be  served,  in  particular  on  the  parties,  witnesses, 
or  experts,  the  Court  may  apply  direct  to  the  Government  of  the  State 
on  whose  territory  the  service  is  to  be  carried  out.  The  same  rule 
applies  in  the  case  of  steps  being  taken  to  procure  evidence. 

The  requests  addressed  for  this  purpose  can  only  be  rejected  when 
the  Power  applied  to  considers  them  likely  to  impair  its  sovereign 
rights  or  its  safety.  If  the  request  is  complied  with,  the  fees  charged 
must  only  comprise  the  expenses  actually  incurred. 

The  Court  is  equally  entitled  to  act  through  the  Power  on  whose 
territory  it  sits. 

Notices  to  be  given  to  parties  in  the  place  where  the  Court  sits  may 
be  served  through  the  International  Bureau. 

Article  26 

The  discussions  are  under  the  control  of  the  president  or  vice-presi- 
dent, or,  in  case  they  are  absent  or  can  not  act,  of  the  senior  judge 
present. 

The  judge  appointed  by  one  of  the  parties  can  not  preside. 

Article  27 

The  Court  considers  its  decisions  in  private,  and  the  proceedings 
are  secret. 

All  decisions  are  arrived  at  by  a majority  of  the  judges  present. 
If  the  number  of  judges  is  even  and  equally  divided,  the  vote  of  the 
junior  judge,  in  the  order  of  precedence  laid  down  in  Article  4, 
paragraph  1,  is  not  counted. 


Languages. 


International 
Bureau  channel 
for  com- 
munication. 


Notices  to 
be  served. 


Control  of 
discussions. 


Decisions  and 
proceedings. 


Decisions 
by  majority. 


38 


Requisites  of 
judgment. 

Article  28 

The  judgment  of  the  Court  must  give  the  reasons  on  which  it  is 
based.  It  contains  the  names  of  the  judges  taking  part  in  it;  it  is 
signed  by  the  president  and  registrar. 

Payment 
of  costs. 

Article  29 

Each  party  pays  its  own  costs  and  an  equal  share  of  the  costs  of 
the  trial. 

Article  30 

Articles  21  and 
29  applicable 
to  procedure  be- 
fore delegation. 

The  provisions  of  Articles  21  to  29  are  applicable  by  analogy  to  the 
procedure  before  the  delegation. 

When  the  right  of  attaching  a member  to  the  delegation  has  been 
exercised  by  one  of  the  parties  only,  the  vote  of  the  member  attached 
is  not  recorded  if  the  votes  are  evenly  divided. 

Expenses 
of  Court. 

Article  31 

The  general  expenses  of  the  Court  are  borne  by  the  contracting 
Powers. 

The  Administrative  Council  applies  to  the  Powers  to  obtain  the 
funds  requisite  for  the  working  of  the  Court. 

Rules  of 
procedure. 

Article  32 

The  Court  itself  draws  up  its  own  rules  of  procedure,  which  must 
be  communicated  to  the  contracting  Powers. 

After  the  ratification  of  the  present  Convention  the  Court  shall  meet 
as  early  as  possible  in  order  to  elaborate  these  rules,  elect  the  president 
and  vice-president,  and  appoint  the  members  of  the  delegation. 

Modifications 
in  provisions 
respecting 
procedure. 

Article  33 

The  Court  may  propose  modifications  in  the  provisions  of  the  present 
Convention  concerning  procedure.  These  proposals  are  communicated 
through  the  Netherland  Government  to  the  contracting  Powers,  which 
will  consider  together  as  to  the  measures  to  be  taken. 

39 

Part  III. — Final  Provisions 
Article  34 

The  present  Convention  shall  be  ratified  as  soon  as  possible. 

The  ratifications  .shall  be  deposited  at  The  Hague. 

A procH-verbal  of  the  deposit  of  each  ratification  shall  be  drawn  up, 
of  which  a duly  certified  copy  shall  be  sent  through  the  diplomatic 
channel  to  all  the  signatory  Powers. 

Article  35 

The  Convention  shall  come  into  force  six  months  after  its  ratifi- 
cation. 

It  shall  remain  in  force  for  twelve  years,  and  shall  be  tacitly  re- 
newed for  periods  of  twelve  years,  unless  denounced. 

The  denunciation  must  be  notified,  at  least  two  years  before  the 
expiration  of  each  period,  to  the  Netherland  Government,  which  will 
inform  the  other  Powers. 

The  denunciation  shall  only  have  effect  in  regard  to  the  notifying 
Power.  The  Convention  shall  continue  in  force  as  far  as  the  other 
Powers  are  concerned. 


SIGNATURES  AND  RESERVATION! 

The  1899  Final  Act  was  signed  by  plenipotentiaries  of  all  the 
Powers  represented  at  the  First  Conference,  to  wit : 

Austria-Hungary  Montenegro 

Belgium  Netherlands 

Bulgaria  Persia 

China  Portugal 

Denmark  Roumania 

France  Russia 

Germany  Servia 

Great  Britain  Siam 

Greece  Spain 

Italy  Sweden  and  Norway 

Japan  Switzerland 

Luxemburg  Turkey 

Mexico  United  States 


iThe  Final  Acts,  being  summaries  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Conferences,  are 
not  conventional  agreements  and  accordingly  are  not  ratified. 


Final 

provisions. 


Ratification. 

Deposit  at 
The  Hague. 


Duration  of 
Convention. 


Denunciation. 


Notifying 
Power  only 
affected.  ‘ 


40 


The  1907  Final  Act  was  signed  by  the  above-mentioned  Powers/ 
as  well  as  by  the  following : 


Argentine  Republic 

Guatemala 

Bolivia 

Haiti 

Brazil 

Nicaragua 

Chile 

Panama 

Colombia 

Peru 

Cuba 

Salvador 

Dominican  Republic 

Uruguay 

Ecuador 

Venezuela 

Reservation:^ 

Switzerland 

Under  reservation  of  Vani  No.  1,  which  the  Swiss  Federal 
Council  does  not  accept. 


iln  1907  Norway  and  Sweden  signed  as  separate  Powers. 
^Reservation  made  at  signature. 


S)  oV "I^H E ; C A H NB'Qt E^.  Ej^^pOW jjil S 


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